/*
 * Copyright 2007-2024 Ping Identity Corporation
 * All Rights Reserved.
 */
/*
 * Copyright 2007-2024 Ping Identity Corporation
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
/*
 * Copyright (C) 2007-2024 Ping Identity Corporation
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPLv2 only)
 * or the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPLv2.1 only)
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses>.
 */
package com.unboundid.ldif;



import java.io.Closeable;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;

import com.unboundid.asn1.ASN1OctetString;
import com.unboundid.ldap.sdk.Entry;
import com.unboundid.util.Base64;
import com.unboundid.util.ByteStringBuffer;
import com.unboundid.util.Debug;
import com.unboundid.util.LDAPSDKThreadFactory;
import com.unboundid.util.NotNull;
import com.unboundid.util.Nullable;
import com.unboundid.util.StaticUtils;
import com.unboundid.util.ThreadSafety;
import com.unboundid.util.ThreadSafetyLevel;
import com.unboundid.util.Validator;
import com.unboundid.util.parallel.ParallelProcessor;
import com.unboundid.util.parallel.Result;
import com.unboundid.util.parallel.Processor;

import static com.unboundid.ldif.LDIFMessages.*;



/**
 * This class provides an LDIF writer, which can be used to write entries and
 * change records in the LDAP Data Interchange Format as per
 * <A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2849.txt">RFC 2849</A>.
 * <BR><BR>
 * <H2>Example</H2>
 * The following example performs a search to find all users in the "Sales"
 * department and then writes their entries to an LDIF file:
 * <PRE>
 * // Perform a search to find all users who are members of the sales
 * // department.
 * SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest("dc=example,dc=com",
 *      SearchScope.SUB, Filter.createEqualityFilter("ou", "Sales"));
 * SearchResult searchResult;
 * try
 * {
 *   searchResult = connection.search(searchRequest);
 * }
 * catch (LDAPSearchException lse)
 * {
 *   searchResult = lse.getSearchResult();
 * }
 * LDAPTestUtils.assertResultCodeEquals(searchResult, ResultCode.SUCCESS);
 *
 * // Write all of the matching entries to LDIF.
 * int entriesWritten = 0;
 * LDIFWriter ldifWriter = new LDIFWriter(pathToLDIF);
 * for (SearchResultEntry entry : searchResult.getSearchEntries())
 * {
 *   ldifWriter.writeEntry(entry);
 *   entriesWritten++;
 * }
 *
 * ldifWriter.close();
 * </PRE>
 */
@ThreadSafety(level=ThreadSafetyLevel.NOT_THREADSAFE)
public final class LDIFWriter
       implements Closeable
{
  /**
   * Indicates whether LDIF records should include a comment above each
   * base64-encoded value that attempts to provide an unencoded representation
   * of that value (with special characters escaped).
   */
  private static volatile boolean commentAboutBase64EncodedValues = false;



  /**
   * The name of a system property that can be used to specify the default
   * base64-encoding strategy that should be used for values.  If this property
   * is defined, the value should be one of "DEFAULT", "MINIMAL, or "MAXIMAL";
   */
  @NotNull private static final String PROPERTY_BASE64_ENCODING_STRATEGY =
       "com.unboundid.ldif.base64EncodingStrategy";



  /**
   * The strategy that should be used for determining whether values need to be
   * base64-encoded.
   */
  @NotNull private static volatile Base64EncodingStrategy
       base64EncodingStrategy = Base64EncodingStrategy.DEFAULT;
  static
  {
    final String propertyValue =
         StaticUtils.getSystemProperty(PROPERTY_BASE64_ENCODING_STRATEGY);
    if (propertyValue != null)
    {
      switch (StaticUtils.toUpperCase(propertyValue).replace('-', '_'))
      {
        case "MINIMAL":
        case "MINIMAL_COMPLIANT":
          base64EncodingStrategy = Base64EncodingStrategy.MINIMAL_COMPLIANT;
          break;
        case "USER_FRIENDLY":
        case "USER_FRIENDLY_NON_COMPLIANT":
          base64EncodingStrategy =
               Base64EncodingStrategy.USER_FRIENDLY_NON_COMPLIANT;
          break;
        case "MAXIMAL":
          base64EncodingStrategy = Base64EncodingStrategy.MAXIMAL;
          break;
        case "DEFAULT":
        default:
          base64EncodingStrategy = Base64EncodingStrategy.DEFAULT;
          break;
      }
    }
  }



  /**
   * The bytes that comprise the LDIF version header.
   */
  @NotNull private static final byte[] VERSION_1_HEADER_BYTES =
       StaticUtils.getBytes("version: 1" + StaticUtils.EOL);



  /**
   * The default buffer size (128KB) that will be used when writing LDIF data
   * to the appropriate destination.
   */
  private static final int DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE = 128 * 1024;



  // The writer that will be used to actually write the data.
  @NotNull private final BufferedOutputStream writer;

  // The byte string buffer that will be used to convert LDIF records to LDIF.
  // It will only be used when operating synchronously.
  @NotNull private final ByteStringBuffer buffer;

  // The translator to use for change records to be written, if any.
  @Nullable private final LDIFWriterChangeRecordTranslator
       changeRecordTranslator;

  // The translator to use for entries to be written, if any.
  @Nullable private final LDIFWriterEntryTranslator entryTranslator;

  // The column at which to wrap long lines.
  private int wrapColumn = 0;

  // A pre-computed value that is two less than the wrap column.
  private int wrapColumnMinusTwo = -2;

  // non-null if this writer was configured to use multiple threads when
  // writing batches of entries.
  @Nullable private final ParallelProcessor<LDIFRecord,ByteStringBuffer>
       toLdifBytesInvoker;



  /**
   * Creates a new LDIF writer that will write entries to the provided file.
   *
   * @param  path  The path to the LDIF file to be written.  It must not be
   *               {@code null}.
   *
   * @throws  IOException  If a problem occurs while opening the provided file
   *                       for writing.
   */
  public LDIFWriter(@NotNull final String path)
         throws IOException
  {
    this(new FileOutputStream(path));
  }



  /**
   * Creates a new LDIF writer that will write entries to the provided file.
   *
   * @param  file  The LDIF file to be written.  It must not be {@code null}.
   *
   * @throws  IOException  If a problem occurs while opening the provided file
   *                       for writing.
   */
  public LDIFWriter(@NotNull final File file)
         throws IOException
  {
    this(new FileOutputStream(file));
  }



  /**
   * Creates a new LDIF writer that will write entries to the provided output
   * stream.
   *
   * @param  outputStream  The output stream to which the data is to be written.
   *                       It must not be {@code null}.
   */
  public LDIFWriter(@NotNull final OutputStream outputStream)
  {
    this(outputStream, 0);
  }



  /**
   * Creates a new LDIF writer that will write entries to the provided output
   * stream optionally using parallelThreads when writing batches of LDIF
   * records.
   *
   * @param  outputStream     The output stream to which the data is to be
   *                          written.  It must not be {@code null}.
   * @param  parallelThreads  If this value is greater than zero, then the
   *                          specified number of threads will be used to
   *                          encode entries before writing them to the output
   *                          for the {@code writeLDIFRecords(List)} method.
   *                          Note this is the only output method that will
   *                          use multiple threads.
   *                          This should only be set to greater than zero when
   *                          performance analysis has demonstrated that writing
   *                          the LDIF is a bottleneck.  The default
   *                          synchronous processing is normally fast enough.
   *                          There is no benefit in passing in a value
   *                          greater than the number of processors in the
   *                          system.  A value of zero implies the
   *                          default behavior of reading and parsing LDIF
   *                          records synchronously when one of the read
   *                          methods is called.
   */
  public LDIFWriter(@NotNull final OutputStream outputStream,
                    final int parallelThreads)
  {
    this(outputStream, parallelThreads, null);
  }



  /**
   * Creates a new LDIF writer that will write entries to the provided output
   * stream optionally using parallelThreads when writing batches of LDIF
   * records.
   *
   * @param  outputStream     The output stream to which the data is to be
   *                          written.  It must not be {@code null}.
   * @param  parallelThreads  If this value is greater than zero, then the
   *                          specified number of threads will be used to
   *                          encode entries before writing them to the output
   *                          for the {@code writeLDIFRecords(List)} method.
   *                          Note this is the only output method that will
   *                          use multiple threads.
   *                          This should only be set to greater than zero when
   *                          performance analysis has demonstrated that writing
   *                          the LDIF is a bottleneck.  The default
   *                          synchronous processing is normally fast enough.
   *                          There is no benefit in passing in a value
   *                          greater than the number of processors in the
   *                          system.  A value of zero implies the
   *                          default behavior of reading and parsing LDIF
   *                          records synchronously when one of the read
   *                          methods is called.
   * @param  entryTranslator  An optional translator that will be used to alter
   *                          entries before they are actually written.  This
   *                          may be {@code null} if no translator is needed.
   */
  public LDIFWriter(@NotNull final OutputStream outputStream,
                    final int parallelThreads,
                    @Nullable final LDIFWriterEntryTranslator entryTranslator)
  {
    this(outputStream, parallelThreads, entryTranslator, null);
  }



  /**
   * Creates a new LDIF writer that will write entries to the provided output
   * stream optionally using parallelThreads when writing batches of LDIF
   * records.
   *
   * @param  outputStream            The output stream to which the data is to
   *                                 be written.  It must not be {@code null}.
   * @param  parallelThreads         If this value is greater than zero, then
   *                                 the specified number of threads will be
   *                                 used to encode entries before writing them
   *                                 to the output for the
   *                                 {@code writeLDIFRecords(List)} method.
   *                                 Note this is the only output method that
   *                                 will use multiple threads.  This should
   *                                 only be set to greater than zero when
   *                                 performance analysis has demonstrated that
   *                                 writing the LDIF is a bottleneck.  The
   *                                 default synchronous processing is normally
   *                                 fast enough.  There is no benefit in
   *                                 passing in a value greater than the number
   *                                 of processors in the system.  A value of
   *                                 zero implies the default behavior of
   *                                 reading and parsing LDIF records
   *                                 synchronously when one of the read methods
   *                                 is called.
   * @param  entryTranslator         An optional translator that will be used to
   *                                 alter entries before they are actually
   *                                 written.  This may be {@code null} if no
   *                                 translator is needed.
   * @param  changeRecordTranslator  An optional translator that will be used to
   *                                 alter change records before they are
   *                                 actually written.  This may be {@code null}
   *                                 if no translator is needed.
   */
  public LDIFWriter(@NotNull final OutputStream outputStream,
       final int parallelThreads,
       @Nullable final LDIFWriterEntryTranslator entryTranslator,
       @Nullable final LDIFWriterChangeRecordTranslator changeRecordTranslator)
  {
    Validator.ensureNotNull(outputStream);
    Validator.ensureTrue(parallelThreads >= 0,
         "LDIFWriter.parallelThreads must not be negative.");

    this.entryTranslator = entryTranslator;
    this.changeRecordTranslator = changeRecordTranslator;
    buffer = new ByteStringBuffer();

    if (outputStream instanceof BufferedOutputStream)
    {
      writer = (BufferedOutputStream) outputStream;
    }
    else
    {
      writer = new BufferedOutputStream(outputStream, DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE);
    }

    if (parallelThreads == 0)
    {
      toLdifBytesInvoker = null;
    }
    else
    {
      final LDAPSDKThreadFactory threadFactory =
           new LDAPSDKThreadFactory("LDIFWriter Worker", true, null);
      toLdifBytesInvoker = new ParallelProcessor<>(
           new Processor<LDIFRecord,ByteStringBuffer>() {
             @Override()
             @NotNull()
             public ByteStringBuffer process(@NotNull final LDIFRecord input)
                    throws IOException
             {
               final LDIFRecord r;
               if ((entryTranslator != null) && (input instanceof Entry))
               {
                 r = entryTranslator.translateEntryToWrite((Entry) input);
                 if (r == null)
                 {
                   return null;
                 }
               }
               else if ((changeRecordTranslator != null) &&
                        (input instanceof LDIFChangeRecord))
               {
                 r = changeRecordTranslator.translateChangeRecordToWrite(
                      (LDIFChangeRecord) input);
                 if (r == null)
                 {
                   return null;
                 }
               }
               else
               {
                 r = input;
               }

               final ByteStringBuffer b = new ByteStringBuffer(200);
               r.toLDIF(b, wrapColumn);
               return b;
             }
           }, threadFactory, parallelThreads, 5);
    }
  }



  /**
   * Flushes the output stream used by this LDIF writer to ensure any buffered
   * data is written out.
   *
   * @throws  IOException  If a problem occurs while attempting to flush the
   *                       output stream.
   */
  public void flush()
         throws IOException
  {
    writer.flush();
  }



  /**
   * Closes this LDIF writer and the underlying LDIF target.
   *
   * @throws  IOException  If a problem occurs while closing the underlying LDIF
   *                       target.
   */
  @Override()
  public void close()
         throws IOException
  {
    try
    {
      if (toLdifBytesInvoker != null)
      {
        try
        {
          toLdifBytesInvoker.shutdown();
        }
        catch (final InterruptedException e)
        {
          Debug.debugException(e);
          Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
        }
      }
    }
    finally
    {
      writer.close();
    }
  }



  /**
   * Retrieves the column at which to wrap long lines.
   *
   * @return  The column at which to wrap long lines, or zero to indicate that
   *          long lines should not be wrapped.
   */
  public int getWrapColumn()
  {
    return wrapColumn;
  }



  /**
   * Specifies the column at which to wrap long lines.  A value of zero
   * indicates that long lines should not be wrapped.
   *
   * @param  wrapColumn  The column at which to wrap long lines.
   */
  public void setWrapColumn(final int wrapColumn)
  {
    this.wrapColumn = wrapColumn;

    wrapColumnMinusTwo = wrapColumn - 2;
  }



  /**
   * Indicates whether the LDIF writer should generate comments that attempt to
   * provide unencoded representations (with special characters escaped) of any
   * base64-encoded values in entries and change records that are written by
   * this writer.
   *
   * @return  {@code true} if the LDIF writer should generate comments that
   *          attempt to provide unencoded representations of any base64-encoded
   *          values, or {@code false} if not.
   */
  public static boolean commentAboutBase64EncodedValues()
  {
    return commentAboutBase64EncodedValues;
  }



  /**
   * Specifies whether the LDIF writer should generate comments that attempt to
   * provide unencoded representations (with special characters escaped) of any
   * base64-encoded values in entries and change records that are written by
   * this writer.
   *
   * @param  commentAboutBase64EncodedValues  Indicates whether the LDIF writer
   *                                          should generate comments that
   *                                          attempt to provide unencoded
   *                                          representations (with special
   *                                          characters escaped) of any
   *                                          base64-encoded values in entries
   *                                          and change records that are
   *                                          written by this writer.
   */
  public static void setCommentAboutBase64EncodedValues(
                          final boolean commentAboutBase64EncodedValues)
  {
    LDIFWriter.commentAboutBase64EncodedValues =
         commentAboutBase64EncodedValues;
  }



  /**
   * Retrieves the strategy that the LDIF writer should use for determining
   * whether values need to be base64-encoded.
   *
   * @return  The strategy that the LDIF writer should use for determining
   *          whether values need to be base64-encoded.
   */
  @NotNull()
  public static Base64EncodingStrategy getBase64EncodingStrategy()
  {
    return base64EncodingStrategy;
  }



  /**
   * Specifies the strategy that the LDIF writer should use for determining
   * whether values need to be base64-encoded.
   *
   * @param  base64EncodingStrategy  The strategy that the LDIF writer should
   *                                 use for determining whether values need to
   *                                 be base64-encoded.
   */
  public static void setBase64EncodingStrategy(
       @NotNull final Base64EncodingStrategy base64EncodingStrategy)
  {
    Validator.ensureNotNull(base64EncodingStrategy);
    LDIFWriter.base64EncodingStrategy = base64EncodingStrategy;
  }



  /**
   * Writes the LDIF version header (i.e.,"version: 1").  If a version header
   * is to be added to the LDIF content, it should be done before any entries or
   * change records have been written.
   *
   * @throws  IOException  If a problem occurs while writing the version header.
   */
  public void writeVersionHeader()
         throws IOException
  {
    writer.write(VERSION_1_HEADER_BYTES);
  }



  /**
   * Writes the provided entry in LDIF form.
   *
   * @param  entry  The entry to be written.  It must not be {@code null}.
   *
   * @throws  IOException  If a problem occurs while writing the LDIF data.
   */
  public void writeEntry(@NotNull final Entry entry)
         throws IOException
  {
    writeEntry(entry, null);
  }



  /**
   * Writes the provided entry in LDIF form, preceded by the provided comment.
   *
   * @param  entry    The entry to be written in LDIF form.  It must not be
   *                  {@code null}.
   * @param  comment  The comment to be written before the entry.  It may be
   *                  {@code null} if no comment is to be written.
   *
   * @throws  IOException  If a problem occurs while writing the LDIF data.
   */
  public void writeEntry(@NotNull final Entry entry,
                         @Nullable final String comment)
         throws IOException
  {
    Validator.ensureNotNull(entry);

    final Entry e;
    if (entryTranslator == null)
    {
      e = entry;
    }
    else
    {
      e = entryTranslator.translateEntryToWrite(entry);
      if (e == null)
      {
        return;
      }
    }

    if (comment != null)
    {
      writeComment(comment, false, false);
    }

    Debug.debugLDIFWrite(e);
    writeLDIF(e);
  }



  /**
   * Writes the provided change record in LDIF form.
   *
   * @param  changeRecord  The change record to be written.  It must not be
   *                       {@code null}.
   *
   * @throws  IOException  If a problem occurs while writing the LDIF data.
   */
  public void writeChangeRecord(@NotNull final LDIFChangeRecord changeRecord)
         throws IOException
  {
    writeChangeRecord(changeRecord, null);
  }



  /**
   * Writes the provided change record in LDIF form, preceded by the provided
   * comment.
   *
   * @param  changeRecord  The change record to be written.  It must not be
   *                       {@code null}.
   * @param  comment       The comment to be written before the entry.  It may
   *                       be {@code null} if no comment is to be written.
   *
   * @throws  IOException  If a problem occurs while writing the LDIF data.
   */
  public void writeChangeRecord(@NotNull final LDIFChangeRecord changeRecord,
                                @Nullable final String comment)
         throws IOException
  {
    Validator.ensureNotNull(changeRecord);

    final LDIFChangeRecord r;
    if (changeRecordTranslator == null)
    {
      r = changeRecord;
    }
    else
    {
      r = changeRecordTranslator.translateChangeRecordToWrite(changeRecord);
      if (r == null)
      {
        return;
      }
    }

    if (comment != null)
    {
      writeComment(comment, false, false);
    }

    Debug.debugLDIFWrite(r);
    writeLDIF(r);
  }



  /**
   * Writes the provided record in LDIF form.
   *
   * @param  record  The LDIF record to be written.  It must not be
   *                 {@code null}.
   *
   * @throws  IOException  If a problem occurs while writing the LDIF data.
   */
  public void writeLDIFRecord(@NotNull final LDIFRecord record)
         throws IOException
  {
    writeLDIFRecord(record, null);
  }



  /**
   * Writes the provided record in LDIF form, preceded by the provided comment.
   *
   * @param  record   The LDIF record to be written.  It must not be
   *                  {@code null}.
   * @param  comment  The comment to be written before the LDIF record.  It may
   *                  be {@code null} if no comment is to be written.
   *
   * @throws  IOException  If a problem occurs while writing the LDIF data.
   */
  public void writeLDIFRecord(@NotNull final LDIFRecord record,
                              @Nullable final String comment)
         throws IOException
  {

    Validator.ensureNotNull(record);
    final LDIFRecord r;
    if ((entryTranslator != null) && (record instanceof Entry))
    {
      r = entryTranslator.translateEntryToWrite((Entry) record);
      if (r == null)
      {
        return;
      }
    }
    else if ((changeRecordTranslator != null) &&
             (record instanceof LDIFChangeRecord))
    {
      r = changeRecordTranslator.translateChangeRecordToWrite(
           (LDIFChangeRecord) record);
      if (r == null)
      {
        return;
      }
    }
    else
    {
      r = record;
    }

    Debug.debugLDIFWrite(r);
    if (comment != null)
    {
      writeComment(comment, false, false);
    }

    writeLDIF(r);
  }



  /**
   * Writes the provided list of LDIF records (most likely Entries) to the
   * output.  If this LDIFWriter was constructed without any parallel
   * output threads, then this behaves identically to calling
   * {@code writeLDIFRecord()} sequentially for each item in the list.
   * If this LDIFWriter was constructed to write records in parallel, then
   * the configured number of threads are used to convert the records to raw
   * bytes, which are sequentially written to the input file.  This can speed up
   * the total time to write a large set of records. Either way, the output
   * records are guaranteed to be written in the order they appear in the list.
   *
   * @param ldifRecords  The LDIF records (most likely entries) to write to the
   *                     output.
   *
   * @throws IOException  If a problem occurs while writing the LDIF data.
   *
   * @throws InterruptedException  If this thread is interrupted while waiting
   *                               for the records to be written to the output.
   */
  public void writeLDIFRecords(
                   @NotNull final List<? extends LDIFRecord> ldifRecords)
         throws IOException, InterruptedException
  {
    if (toLdifBytesInvoker == null)
    {
      for (final LDIFRecord ldifRecord : ldifRecords)
      {
        writeLDIFRecord(ldifRecord);
      }
    }
    else
    {
      final List<Result<LDIFRecord,ByteStringBuffer>> results =
           toLdifBytesInvoker.processAll(ldifRecords);
      for (final Result<LDIFRecord,ByteStringBuffer> result: results)
      {
        rethrow(result.getFailureCause());

        final ByteStringBuffer encodedBytes = result.getOutput();
        if (encodedBytes != null)
        {
          encodedBytes.write(writer);
          writer.write(StaticUtils.EOL_BYTES);
        }
      }
    }
  }



  /**
   * Writes the provided comment to the LDIF target, wrapping long lines as
   * necessary.
   *
   * @param  comment      The comment to be written to the LDIF target.  It must
   *                      not be {@code null}.
   * @param  spaceBefore  Indicates whether to insert a blank line before the
   *                      comment.
   * @param  spaceAfter   Indicates whether to insert a blank line after the
   *                      comment.
   *
   * @throws  IOException  If a problem occurs while writing the LDIF data.
   */
  public void writeComment(@NotNull final String comment,
                           final boolean spaceBefore, final boolean spaceAfter)
         throws IOException
  {
    Validator.ensureNotNull(comment);
    if (spaceBefore)
    {
      writer.write(StaticUtils.EOL_BYTES);
    }

    //
    // Check for a newline explicitly to avoid the overhead of the regex
    // for the common case of a single-line comment.
    //

    if (comment.indexOf('\n') < 0)
    {
      writeSingleLineComment(comment);
    }
    else
    {
      //
      // Split on blank lines and wrap each line individually.
      //

      final String[] lines = comment.split("\\r?\\n");
      for (final String line: lines)
      {
        writeSingleLineComment(line);
      }
    }

    if (spaceAfter)
    {
      writer.write(StaticUtils.EOL_BYTES);
    }
  }



  /**
   * Writes the provided comment to the LDIF target, wrapping long lines as
   * necessary.
   *
   * @param  comment      The comment to be written to the LDIF target.  It must
   *                      not be {@code null}, and it must not include any line
   *                      breaks.
   *
   * @throws  IOException  If a problem occurs while writing the LDIF data.
   */
  private void writeSingleLineComment(@NotNull final String comment)
          throws IOException
  {
    // We will always wrap comments, even if we won't wrap LDIF entries.  If
    // there is a wrap column set, then use it.  Otherwise use the terminal
    // width and back off two characters for the "# " at the beginning.
    final int commentWrapMinusTwo;
    if (wrapColumn <= 0)
    {
      commentWrapMinusTwo = StaticUtils.TERMINAL_WIDTH_COLUMNS - 3;
    }
    else
    {
      commentWrapMinusTwo = wrapColumnMinusTwo;
    }

    buffer.clear();
    final int length = comment.length();
    if (length <= commentWrapMinusTwo)
    {
      buffer.append("# ");
      buffer.append(comment);
      buffer.append(StaticUtils.EOL_BYTES);
    }
    else
    {
      int minPos = 0;
      while (minPos < length)
      {
        if ((length - minPos) <= commentWrapMinusTwo)
        {
          buffer.append("# ");
          buffer.append(comment.substring(minPos));
          buffer.append(StaticUtils.EOL_BYTES);
          break;
        }

        // First, adjust the position until we find a space.  Go backwards if
        // possible, but if we can't find one there then go forward.
        boolean spaceFound = false;
        final int pos = minPos + commentWrapMinusTwo;
        int     spacePos   = pos;
        while (spacePos > minPos)
        {
          if (comment.charAt(spacePos) == ' ')
          {
            spaceFound = true;
            break;
          }

          spacePos--;
        }

        if (! spaceFound)
        {
          spacePos = pos + 1;
          while (spacePos < length)
          {
            if (comment.charAt(spacePos) == ' ')
            {
              spaceFound = true;
              break;
            }

            spacePos++;
          }

          if (! spaceFound)
          {
            // There are no spaces at all in the remainder of the comment, so
            // we'll just write the remainder of it all at once.
            buffer.append("# ");
            buffer.append(comment.substring(minPos));
            buffer.append(StaticUtils.EOL_BYTES);
            break;
          }
        }

        // We have a space, so we'll write up to the space position and then
        // start up after the next space.
        buffer.append("# ");
        buffer.append(comment.substring(minPos, spacePos));
        buffer.append(StaticUtils.EOL_BYTES);

        minPos = spacePos + 1;
        while ((minPos < length) && (comment.charAt(minPos) == ' '))
        {
          minPos++;
        }
      }
    }

    buffer.write(writer);
  }



  /**
   * Writes the provided record to the LDIF target, wrapping long lines as
   * necessary.
   *
   * @param  record  The LDIF record to be written.
   *
   * @throws  IOException  If a problem occurs while writing the LDIF data.
   */
  private void writeLDIF(@NotNull final LDIFRecord record)
          throws IOException
  {
    buffer.clear();
    record.toLDIF(buffer, wrapColumn);
    buffer.append(StaticUtils.EOL_BYTES);
    buffer.write(writer);
  }



  /**
   * Performs any appropriate wrapping for the provided set of LDIF lines.
   *
   * @param  wrapColumn  The column at which to wrap long lines.  A value that
   *                     is less than or equal to two indicates that no
   *                     wrapping should be performed.
   * @param  ldifLines   The set of lines that make up the LDIF data to be
   *                     wrapped.
   *
   * @return  A new list of lines that have been wrapped as appropriate.
   */
  @NotNull()
  public static List<String> wrapLines(final int wrapColumn,
                                       @NotNull final String... ldifLines)
  {
    return wrapLines(wrapColumn, Arrays.asList(ldifLines));
  }



  /**
   * Performs any appropriate wrapping for the provided set of LDIF lines.
   *
   * @param  wrapColumn  The column at which to wrap long lines.  A value that
   *                     is less than or equal to two indicates that no
   *                     wrapping should be performed.
   * @param  ldifLines   The set of lines that make up the LDIF data to be
   *                     wrapped.
   *
   * @return  A new list of lines that have been wrapped as appropriate.
   */
  @NotNull()
  public static List<String> wrapLines(final int wrapColumn,
                                       @NotNull final List<String> ldifLines)
  {
    if (wrapColumn <= 2)
    {
      return new ArrayList<>(ldifLines);
    }

    final ArrayList<String> newLines = new ArrayList<>(ldifLines.size());
    for (final String s : ldifLines)
    {
      final int length = s.length();
      if (length <= wrapColumn)
      {
        newLines.add(s);
        continue;
      }

      newLines.add(s.substring(0, wrapColumn));

      int pos = wrapColumn;
      while (pos < length)
      {
        if ((length - pos + 1) <= wrapColumn)
        {
          newLines.add(' ' + s.substring(pos));
          break;
        }
        else
        {
          newLines.add(' ' + s.substring(pos, (pos+wrapColumn-1)));
          pos += wrapColumn - 1;
        }
      }
    }

    return newLines;
  }



  /**
   * Creates a string consisting of the provided attribute name followed by
   * either a single colon and the string representation of the provided value,
   * or two colons and the base64-encoded representation of the provided value.
   *
   * @param  name   The name for the attribute.
   * @param  value  The value for the attribute.
   *
   * @return  A string consisting of the provided attribute name followed by
   *          either a single colon and the string representation of the
   *          provided value, or two colons and the base64-encoded
   *          representation of the provided value.
   */
  @NotNull()
  public static String encodeNameAndValue(@NotNull final String name,
                                          @NotNull final ASN1OctetString value)
  {
    final StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
    encodeNameAndValue(name, value, buffer);
    return buffer.toString();
  }



  /**
   * Appends a string to the provided buffer consisting of the provided
   * attribute name followed by either a single colon and the string
   * representation of the provided value, or two colons and the base64-encoded
   * representation of the provided value.
   *
   * @param  name    The name for the attribute.
   * @param  value   The value for the attribute.
   * @param  buffer  The buffer to which the name and value are to be written.
   */
  public static void encodeNameAndValue(@NotNull final String name,
                                        @NotNull final ASN1OctetString value,
                                        @NotNull final StringBuilder buffer)
  {
    encodeNameAndValue(name, value, buffer, 0);
  }



  /**
   * Appends a string to the provided buffer consisting of the provided
   * attribute name followed by either a single colon and the string
   * representation of the provided value, or two colons and the base64-encoded
   * representation of the provided value.
   *
   * @param  name        The name for the attribute.
   * @param  value       The value for the attribute.
   * @param  buffer      The buffer to which the name and value are to be
   *                     written.
   * @param  wrapColumn  The column at which to wrap long lines.  A value that
   *                     is less than or equal to two indicates that no
   *                     wrapping should be performed.
   */
  public static void encodeNameAndValue(@NotNull final String name,
                                        @NotNull final ASN1OctetString value,
                                        @NotNull final StringBuilder buffer,
                                        final int wrapColumn)
  {
    final int bufferStartPos = buffer.length();
    final byte[] valueBytes = value.getValue();
    boolean base64Encoded = false;

    try
    {
      buffer.append(name);
      buffer.append(':');

      if (base64EncodingStrategy.shouldBase64Encode(value))
      {
        buffer.append(": ");
        Base64.encode(valueBytes, buffer);
        base64Encoded = true;
      }
      else
      {
        buffer.append(' ');
        buffer.append(value.stringValue());
      }
    }
    finally
    {
      if (wrapColumn > 2)
      {
        final int length = buffer.length() - bufferStartPos;
        if (length > wrapColumn)
        {
          final String EOL_PLUS_SPACE = StaticUtils.EOL + ' ';

          // Be careful not to wrap in the middle of a multi-byte character.
          // Select the position where we want to wrap, but if the character
          // in that position is a low surrogate character, then it needs to
          // stay with the previous character so we shouldn't wrap there.
          int pos = bufferStartPos + wrapColumn;
          while (pos < buffer.length())
          {
            final char c = buffer.charAt(pos);
            if (Character.isLowSurrogate(c))
            {
              pos++;
              continue;
            }

            buffer.insert(pos, EOL_PLUS_SPACE);
            pos += (wrapColumn - 1 + EOL_PLUS_SPACE.length());
          }
        }
      }

      if (base64Encoded && commentAboutBase64EncodedValues)
      {
        writeBase64DecodedValueComment(valueBytes, buffer, wrapColumn);
      }
    }
  }



  /**
   * Appends a comment to the provided buffer with an unencoded representation
   * of the provided value.  This will only have any effect if
   * {@code commentAboutBase64EncodedValues} is {@code true}, and only if the
   * value contains no more than 1,000 bytes.
   *
   * @param  valueBytes  The bytes that comprise the value.
   * @param  buffer      The buffer to which the comment should be appended.
   * @param  wrapColumn  The column at which to wrap long lines.
   */
  private static void writeBase64DecodedValueComment(
                           @NotNull final byte[] valueBytes,
                           @NotNull final StringBuilder buffer,
                           final int wrapColumn)
  {
    if (commentAboutBase64EncodedValues && (valueBytes.length <= 1_000))
    {
      final int wrapColumnMinusTwo;
      if (wrapColumn <= 5)
      {
        wrapColumnMinusTwo = StaticUtils.TERMINAL_WIDTH_COLUMNS - 3;
      }
      else
      {
        wrapColumnMinusTwo = wrapColumn - 2;
      }

      final int wrapColumnMinusThree = wrapColumnMinusTwo - 1;

      boolean first = true;
      final String comment =
           "Non-base64-encoded representation of the above value: " +
                getEscapedValue(valueBytes);
      for (final String s :
           StaticUtils.wrapLine(comment, wrapColumnMinusTwo,
                wrapColumnMinusThree))
      {
        buffer.append(StaticUtils.EOL);
        buffer.append("# ");
        if (first)
        {
          first = false;
        }
        else
        {
          buffer.append(' ');
        }
        buffer.append(s);
      }
    }
  }



  /**
   * Appends a string to the provided buffer consisting of the provided
   * attribute name followed by either a single colon and the string
   * representation of the provided value, or two colons and the base64-encoded
   * representation of the provided value.  It may optionally be wrapped at the
   * specified column.
   *
   * @param  name        The name for the attribute.
   * @param  value       The value for the attribute.
   * @param  buffer      The buffer to which the name and value are to be
   *                     written.
   * @param  wrapColumn  The column at which to wrap long lines.  A value that
   *                     is less than or equal to two indicates that no
   *                     wrapping should be performed.
   */
  public static void encodeNameAndValue(@NotNull final String name,
                          @NotNull final ASN1OctetString value,
                          @NotNull final ByteStringBuffer buffer,
                          final int wrapColumn)
  {
    final int bufferStartPos = buffer.length();
    boolean base64Encoded = false;

    try
    {
      buffer.append(name);
      base64Encoded = encodeValue(value, buffer);
    }
    finally
    {
      if (wrapColumn > 2)
      {
        final int length = buffer.length() - bufferStartPos;
        if (length > wrapColumn)
        {
          final byte[] EOL_BYTES_PLUS_SPACE =
               new byte[StaticUtils.EOL_BYTES.length + 1];
          System.arraycopy(StaticUtils.EOL_BYTES, 0, EOL_BYTES_PLUS_SPACE, 0,
                           StaticUtils.EOL_BYTES.length);
          EOL_BYTES_PLUS_SPACE[StaticUtils.EOL_BYTES.length] = ' ';

          // Be careful not to wrap in the middle of a multi-byte character.
          // Select a byte where we expect to wrap and use the following logic
          // to determine if it's safe to wrap there:
          //
          // - If the most significant bit of a byte is set to zero, then it's
          //   not a multi-byte character and it's safe to wrap before it.
          //
          // - If the most significant bit of a byte is set to one and the
          //   second-most significant bit is also set to one, then it's the
          //   first byte of a multi-byte UTF-8 character and it's safe to wrap
          //   before it.
          //
          // - If the most significant bit of a byte is set to one and the
          //   second-most significant bit is set to zero, then it's either in
          //   the middle of a UTF-8 character or not part of a valid UTF-8
          //   string.  In either case, we'll read ahead until we find a byte
          //   where it's safe to wrap.
          int pos = bufferStartPos + wrapColumn;
          while (pos < buffer.length())
          {
            final byte byteAtPos = buffer.byteAt(pos);
            if ((byteAtPos & 0xC0) == 0x80)
            {
              pos++;
              continue;
            }

            buffer.insert(pos, EOL_BYTES_PLUS_SPACE);
            pos += (wrapColumn - 1 + EOL_BYTES_PLUS_SPACE.length);
          }
        }
      }

      if (base64Encoded && commentAboutBase64EncodedValues)
      {
        writeBase64DecodedValueComment(value.getValue(), buffer, wrapColumn);
      }
    }
  }



  /**
   * Appends a string to the provided buffer consisting of the properly-encoded
   * representation of the provided value, including the necessary colon(s) and
   * space that precede it.  Depending on the content of the value, it will
   * either be used as-is or base64-encoded.
   *
   * @param  value   The value for the attribute.
   * @param  buffer  The buffer to which the value is to be written.
   *
   * @return  {@code true} if the value was base64-encoded, or {@code false} if
   *          not.
   */
  static boolean encodeValue(@NotNull final ASN1OctetString value,
                             @NotNull final ByteStringBuffer buffer)
  {
    buffer.append(':');

    final byte[] valueBytes = value.getValue();
    if (base64EncodingStrategy.shouldBase64Encode(valueBytes))
    {
      buffer.append(": ");
      Base64.encode(valueBytes, buffer);
      return true;
    }
    else
    {
      buffer.append(' ');
      buffer.append(valueBytes);
      return false;
    }
  }



  /**
   * Appends a comment to the provided buffer with an unencoded representation
   * of the provided value.  This will only have any effect if
   * {@code commentAboutBase64EncodedValues} is {@code true}, if the value
   * contains no more than 1,000 bytes, and only if the value represents valid
   * UTF-8.
   *
   * @param  valueBytes  The bytes that comprise the value.
   * @param  buffer      The buffer to which the comment should be appended.
   * @param  wrapColumn  The column at which to wrap long lines.
   */
  private static void writeBase64DecodedValueComment(
                           @NotNull final byte[] valueBytes,
                           @NotNull final ByteStringBuffer buffer,
                           final int wrapColumn)
  {
    if (commentAboutBase64EncodedValues && (valueBytes.length <= 1_000) &&
        StaticUtils.isValidUTF8(valueBytes))
    {
      final int wrapColumnMinusTwo;
      if (wrapColumn <= 5)
      {
        wrapColumnMinusTwo = StaticUtils.TERMINAL_WIDTH_COLUMNS - 3;
      }
      else
      {
        wrapColumnMinusTwo = wrapColumn - 2;
      }

      final int wrapColumnMinusThree = wrapColumnMinusTwo - 1;

      boolean first = true;
      final String comment =
           "Non-base64-encoded representation of the above value: " +
                getEscapedValue(valueBytes);
      for (final String s :
           StaticUtils.wrapLine(comment, wrapColumnMinusTwo,
                wrapColumnMinusThree))
      {
        buffer.append(StaticUtils.EOL);
        buffer.append("# ");
        if (first)
        {
          first = false;
        }
        else
        {
          buffer.append(' ');
        }
        buffer.append(s);
      }
    }
  }



  /**
   * Retrieves a string representation of the provided value with all special
   * characters escaped with backslashes.
   *
   * @param  valueBytes  The byte array containing the value to encode.
   *
   * @return  A string representation of the provided value with any special
   *          characters.
   */
  @NotNull()
  private static String getEscapedValue(@NotNull final byte[] valueBytes)
  {
    final String valueString = StaticUtils.toUTF8String(valueBytes);
    final StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder(valueString.length());
    for (int i=0; i < valueString.length(); i++)
    {
      final char c = valueString.charAt(i);
      switch (c)
      {
        case '\t':
          buffer.append(INFO_LDIF_WRITER_CHAR_TAB.get());
          break;
        case '\n':
          buffer.append(INFO_LDIF_WRITER_CHAR_CARRIAGE_RETURN.get());
          break;
        case '\r':
          buffer.append(INFO_LDIF_WRITER_CHAR_LINE_FEED.get());
          break;
        case ' ':
          if (i == 0)
          {
            buffer.append(INFO_LDIF_WRITER_CHAR_LEADING_SPACE.get());
          }
          else if (i == (valueString.length() - 1))
          {
            buffer.append(INFO_LDIF_WRITER_CHAR_TRAILING_SPACE.get());
          }
          else
          {
            buffer.append(' ');
          }
          break;
        case ':':
          if (i == 0)
          {
            buffer.append(INFO_LDIF_WRITER_CHAR_LEADING_COLON.get());
          }
          else
          {
            buffer.append(c);
          }
          break;
        case '<':
          if (i == 0)
          {
            buffer.append(INFO_LDIF_WRITER_CHAR_LEADING_LESS_THAN.get());
          }
          else
          {
            buffer.append(c);
          }
          break;
        case '{':
          buffer.append(INFO_LDIF_WRITER_CHAR_OPENING_CURLY_BRACE.get());
          break;
        case '}':
          buffer.append(INFO_LDIF_WRITER_CHAR_CLOSING_CURLY_BRACE.get());
          break;
        default:
          if ((c >= '!') && (c <= '~'))
          {
            buffer.append(c);
          }
          else
          {
            // Try to figure out whether the character might be printable, even
            // if it's non-ASCII.  If so, then print it.  Otherwise, if we can
            // get the name for the Unicode code point, then print that name.
            // As a last resort, just print a hex representation of the bytes
            // that make up the
            final int codePoint = Character.codePointAt(valueString, i);
            if (StaticUtils.isLikelyDisplayableCharacter(codePoint))
            {
              final int[] codePointArray = { codePoint };
              buffer.append(new String(codePointArray, 0, 1));
            }
            else
            {
              // See if we can get a name for the character.  If so, then use
              // it.  Otherwise, just print the escaped hex representation.
              String codePointName;
              try
              {
                codePointName = Character.getName(codePoint);
              }
              catch (final Exception e)
              {
                Debug.debugException(e);
                codePointName = null;
              }

              if ((codePointName == null) || codePointName.isEmpty())
              {
                final int[] codePointArray = { codePoint };
                final byte[] codePointBytes =
                     StaticUtils.getBytes(new String(codePointArray, 0, 1));
                buffer.append(INFO_LDIF_WRITER_CHAR_HEX.get(
                     StaticUtils.toHex(codePointBytes)));
              }
              else
              {
                buffer.append("{");
                buffer.append(codePointName);
                buffer.append('}');
              }
            }

            final int numChars = Character.charCount(codePoint);
            i += (numChars - 1);
          }
          break;
      }
    }

    return buffer.toString();
  }



  /**
   * If the provided exception is non-null, then it will be rethrown as an
   * unchecked exception or an IOException.
   *
   * @param t  The exception to rethrow as an an unchecked exception or an
   *           IOException or {@code null} if none.
   *
   * @throws IOException  If t is a checked exception.
   */
  static void rethrow(@Nullable final Throwable t)
         throws IOException
  {
    if (t == null)
    {
      return;
    }

    if (t instanceof IOException)
    {
      throw (IOException) t;
    }
    else if (t instanceof RuntimeException)
    {
      throw (RuntimeException) t;
    }
    else if (t instanceof Error)
    {
      throw (Error) t;
    }
    else
    {
      throw new IOException(t);
    }
  }
}